21.1: Introduction

In chapter 21 you will learn about the three Chinese philosophies that came around during the time of the Zhou. The Zhou flourished from about 1045 to 256 B.C.E. In its later years of still existing, different leaders battled for the control in China. The country was malicious during this time.  All these troubles led Chinese citizens to question the best way to have peace and order in society. Three different answers came about. These three answers were the philosophies of Confucianism, Daoism (also spelled Taoism), and Legalism.

Imagine living in the time period of 360 B.C.D. The ruler of an insignificant kingdom has sent out three advisors to gain knowledge about the three philosophies stated above. When they return, he asks them, "What shall I do to rule well?"

The first advisor that was sent out has learned about the philosophy of Confucianism. This advisor tells the king, "Lead by example." The next advisor that was sent out has studied Daoism (Taoism). He says, "If you must rule, rule as inadequately as possible." The third advisor exclaims, "Set clear laws and harshly punish those who disobey them!"

In this chapter, learn why the advisors gave such miscellaneous responses. Discover interesting facts about Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism and how each philosophy influenced China.